Atomic Number 13
Aluminum (Al)
Group13
Period3
BlockP
State @ 25°CSolid
Valence Electrons3
Electron Config (Noble)[Ne] 3s2 3p1
13AlAluminum26.982
Tap related elements to compare trends across group and period.
Physical Properties
How this element behaves in real-world conditions.
- State (25°C)
- Solid
- Density
- 2.698 g/cm³
- Melting Point
- 660.32 °C
- Boiling Point
- 2519 °C
Atomic Structure
Core identity and periodic table positioning.
Electromagnetic Properties
How this element attracts and exchanges electrons.
- Electronegativity
- 1.61
- Ionization Energy
- 5.986 eV
- Electron Affinity
- 0.441 eV
- Metallic Character
- Metal
Hero / Identity Section
Core identity profile for Aluminum with periodic placement and electron context.
- Element Name
- Aluminum
- Symbol
- Al
- Atomic Number
- 13
- Atomic Mass
- 26.982
- Group
- 13
- Period
- 3
- Block
- P
- Category
- Post Transition
- Standard State
- Solid
- Electron Configuration (Full)
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
- Electron Configuration (Noble Gas)
- [Ne] 3s2 3p1
- Valence Electrons
- 3
Quick Facts Card (Table Layout)
Fast-reference values for physical and energetic properties.
Atomic Radius
118 pm
Ionic Radius
Not available in current dataset
Electronegativity (Pauling)
1.61
1st Ionization Energy
5.986 eV
Electron Affinity
0.441 eV
Density
2.698 g/cm³
Melting Point
660.32 °C
Boiling Point
2,519 °C
Heat Capacity
Not available in current dataset
Thermal Conductivity
Not available in current dataset
Visual Components
Visual learning views for table position, shells, orbitals, and phase behavior.
Highlighted Position in Periodic Table Grid
Al
Row 3, Column 13
Bohr Model Diagram
Al
Educational shell model for electron arrangement.
Electron Shell Diagram
- K shell2
- L shell8
- M shell3
Orbital Configuration Diagram
1s2/2
2s2/2
2p6/6
3s2/2
3p1/6
Phase Illustration
Solid
Solid lattice
Atomic Structure Section
Nuclear composition and electron shielding interpretation.
- Protons
- 13
- Neutrons (Most Abundant Isotope Estimate)
- 14
- Electrons
- 13
- Electron Configuration Breakdown
- 2 • 8 • 3
- Shielding Explanation
- Core electrons (~10) shield part of the nucleus, reducing attraction felt by outer electrons compared with the full nuclear charge.
- Effective Nuclear Charge (Estimate)
- 3
Chemical Properties Section
Category-guided chemistry behavior with periodic context for comparison.
- Common Oxidation States
- Variable, commonly lower positive states
- Reactivity Summary
- Generally less reactive than alkali/alkaline-earth metals; surface oxidation is common.
- Acid/Base Behavior
- Frequently forms amphoteric or weakly basic oxides.
- Bonding Behavior
- Can show metallic and ionic/covalent compound behavior.
- Typical Compounds
- Al2O3, AlCl3, Al(OH)3
- Periodic Trend Comparison (Group Neighbors)
- Compared with B, this element is lower in the group and typically has a larger atomic size and lower ionization tendency. Compared with Ga, this element is higher in the group and often shows a smaller radius with stronger effective attraction to valence electrons.
Isotopes & Nuclear Data
Isotope stability and abundance notes for learning-oriented nuclear context.
- Stable Isotopes
- Stable isotopes are known. Most abundant isotope is commonly represented near Al-27.
- Radioactive Isotopes
- Radioactive isotopes exist alongside stable isotopes.
- Natural Abundance (%)
- Naturally occurring with isotope-dependent abundance.
- Half-life (If Applicable)
- Stable isotopes have no half-life; radioactive isotopes have isotope-specific half-lives.
- Nuclear Spin (Optional Advanced)
- Advanced isotope-level data is not included in the current core dataset.
- Most Abundant Isotope (Estimate)
- Al-27
Applications & Uses
How this element appears in industry, biology, medicine, and technology.
- Industrial Uses
- Used in coatings, solders, semiconductors, and corrosion-resistant materials.
- Biological Role
- Limited essential biological role for most members.
- Medical Use
- Certain isotopes/compounds are used in imaging, shielding, and devices.
- Technological Relevance
- Useful in electronics, photovoltaics, and engineered materials.
- Environmental Impact
- Some members are persistent and can impact soil/water ecosystems.
Safety & Handling
General hazard guidance for educational reference and lab awareness.
- Toxicity
- Hazard profile varies widely; heavy-element compounds may present chronic risk.
- Flammability
- Elemental bulk forms are typically low flammability.
- Storage Considerations
- Control dust, prevent incompatible chemical contact, and use labeled containers.
- Regulatory Classification
- Compound-specific controls are common for toxic heavy-metal forms.